In this tutorial, we build a comprehensive, practical understanding duckdb-python By working through its features in code directly on Colab. We start with the fundamentals of connection management and data generation, then move into the actual analytical workflow, including querying Pandas, Polar, and Arrow objects without manual loading, converting results to multiple formats, and writing expressive SQL for window functions, pivots, macros, recursive CTEs, and joins. As we proceed, we also explore performance-oriented capabilities like bulk insertion, profiling, partitioned storage, multi-threaded access, remote file queries, and efficient export patterns, so we not only learn what DuckDB can do, but also how to use it as a serious analytical engine within Python.
import subprocess, sys
for pkg in ("duckdb", "pandas", "pyarrow", "polars"):
try:
subprocess.check_call(
(sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "-q", pkg),
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
subprocess.check_call(
(sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", "-q", "--break-system-packages", pkg),
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
)
import duckdb
import pandas as pd
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
import polars as pl
import numpy as np
import json, os, time, threading, tempfile
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
print(f"DuckDB version : {duckdb.__version__}")
print(f"Pandas version : {pd.__version__}")
print(f"PyArrow version: {pa.__version__}")
print(f"Polars version : {pl.__version__}")
print("=" * 72)
WORKDIR = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="duckdb_tutorial_")
os.chdir(WORKDIR)
print(f"Working directory: {WORKDIR}n")
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 1: Connection Management")
print("=" * 72)
con = duckdb.connect()
print(con.sql("SELECT 'Hello from in-memory DuckDB!' AS greeting").fetchone()(0))
DB_PATH = os.path.join(WORKDIR, "tutorial.duckdb")
pcon = duckdb.connect(DB_PATH)
pcon.sql("CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE persisted(id INT, val TEXT)")
pcon.sql("INSERT INTO persisted VALUES (1,'alpha'), (2,'beta')")
print("Persisted rows:", pcon.sql("SELECT count(*) FROM persisted").fetchone()(0))
pcon.close()
pcon2 = duckdb.connect(DB_PATH)
print("After re-open :", pcon2.sql("SELECT * FROM persisted ORDER BY id").fetchall())
pcon2.close()
con_cfg = duckdb.connect(config={
"threads": 2,
"memory_limit": "512MB",
"default_order": "DESC",
})
print("Configured threads:", con_cfg.sql("SELECT current_setting('threads')").fetchone()(0))
con_cfg.close()
with duckdb.connect() as ctx:
ctx.sql("SELECT 42 AS answer").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 2: Synthetic Data Generation")
print("=" * 72)
con = duckdb.connect()
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE sales AS
SELECT
i AS order_id,
'2023-01-01'::DATE + (i % 365)::INT AS order_date,
CASE (i % 5)
WHEN 0 THEN 'Electronics'
WHEN 1 THEN 'Clothing'
WHEN 2 THEN 'Groceries'
WHEN 3 THEN 'Furniture'
ELSE 'Books'
END AS category,
ROUND(10 + random() * 990, 2) AS amount,
CASE (i % 3)
WHEN 0 THEN 'US'
WHEN 1 THEN 'EU'
ELSE 'APAC'
END AS region,
CASE WHEN random() < 0.1 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS returned
FROM generate_series(1, 100000) t(i)
""")
con.sql("SUMMARIZE sales").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 3: Zero-Copy DataFrame Integration")
print("=" * 72)
pdf = pd.DataFrame({
"product": ("Widget", "Gadget", "Doohickey", "Thingamajig"),
"price": (9.99, 24.50, 4.75, 15.00),
"stock": (120, 45, 300, 78),
})
print("Query Pandas DF directly:")
con.sql("SELECT product, price * stock AS inventory_value FROM pdf ORDER BY inventory_value DESC").show()
plf = pl.DataFrame({
"city": ("Montreal", "Toronto", "Vancouver", "Calgary"),
"temp_c": (-12.5, -5.0, 3.0, -18.0),
})
print("Query Polars DF directly:")
con.sql("SELECT city, temp_c, temp_c * 9/5 + 32 AS temp_f FROM plf WHERE temp_c < 0").show()
arrow_tbl = pa.table({
"sensor_id": (1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
"reading": (23.1, 47.8, 12.3, 99.0, 55.5),
})
print("Query Arrow table directly:")
con.sql("SELECT sensor_id, reading FROM arrow_tbl WHERE reading > 30").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 4: Result Conversion")
print("=" * 72)
q = "SELECT category, SUM(amount) AS total FROM sales GROUP BY category ORDER BY total DESC"
print("→ Python list :", con.sql(q).fetchall()(:2), "...")
print("→ Pandas DF :n", con.sql(q).df().head(3))
print("→ Polars DF :n", con.sql(q).pl().head(3))
print("→ Arrow Table :", con.sql(q).arrow().schema)
print("→ NumPy arrays :", {k: v(:2) for k, v in con.sql(q).fetchnumpy().items()})
print()We have set up the full DuckDB-Python environment by installing the required libraries and importing all the necessary modules for the tutorial. We create our working directory, initiate the DuckDB connection, and explore basic configuration options as well as both in-memory and persistent database usage. We also prepare a large synthetic sales dataset and start working with direct integration of DuckDB with Pandas, Polar, and Pyro, which shows us how DuckDB naturally fits into Python-based data workflows.
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 5: Relational API")
print("=" * 72)
rel = (
con.table("sales")
.filter("NOT returned")
.aggregate("category, region, SUM(amount) AS revenue, COUNT(*) AS orders")
.filter("revenue > 1000000")
.order("revenue DESC")
.limit(10)
)
print("Relational API result:")
rel.show()
top_cats = con.sql("SELECT DISTINCT category FROM sales ORDER BY category LIMIT 3")
print("Top categories relation fed into next query:")
con.sql("SELECT s.* FROM sales s SEMI JOIN top_cats ON s.category = top_cats.category LIMIT 5").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 6: Window Functions & Advanced SQL")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
WITH daily AS (
SELECT
order_date,
region,
SUM(amount) AS daily_rev
FROM sales
WHERE NOT returned
GROUP BY order_date, region
)
SELECT
order_date,
region,
daily_rev,
SUM(daily_rev) OVER (
PARTITION BY region ORDER BY order_date
) AS cum_revenue,
AVG(daily_rev) OVER (
PARTITION BY region ORDER BY order_date
ROWS BETWEEN 6 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
) AS rolling_7d_avg
FROM daily
QUALIFY row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY region ORDER BY order_date DESC) <= 3
ORDER BY region, order_date DESC
""").show()
print("PIVOT table:")
con.sql("""
PIVOT sales
ON region
USING SUM(amount)
GROUP BY category
ORDER BY category
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 7: Complex / Nested Types")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE users AS
SELECT
i AS user_id,
{'first': 'User_' || i::TEXT, 'last': 'Surname_' || (i % 100)::TEXT} AS name,
(i * 10, i * 20, i * 30) AS scores,
MAP {'tier': CASE WHEN i % 2 = 0 THEN 'gold' ELSE 'silver' END,
'region': CASE WHEN i % 3 = 0 THEN 'US' ELSE 'EU' END} AS metadata
FROM generate_series(1, 5) t(i)
""")
print("Struct field access, list indexing, map extraction:")
con.sql("""
SELECT
user_id,
name.first AS first_name,
scores(1) AS first_score,
list_aggregate(scores,'sum') AS total_score,
metadata('tier') AS tier
FROM users
""").show()
print("Unnesting a list column:")
con.sql("""
SELECT user_id, unnest(scores) AS individual_score
FROM users
WHERE user_id <= 3
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 8: Python UDFs")
print("=" * 72)
def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c):
return c * 9 / 5 + 32
con.create_function("c2f", celsius_to_fahrenheit, ("DOUBLE"), "DOUBLE")
con.sql("SELECT city, temp_c, c2f(temp_c) AS temp_f FROM plf").show()
import pyarrow.compute as pc
def vectorized_discount(prices):
"""Apply a 15% discount to all prices."""
return pc.multiply(prices, 0.85)
con.create_function(
"discount",
vectorized_discount,
("DOUBLE"),
"DOUBLE",
type="arrow",
)
print("Vectorized UDF (discount):")
con.sql("SELECT product, price, discount(price) AS sale_price FROM pdf").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 9: File I/O")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("COPY (SELECT * FROM sales LIMIT 1000) TO 'sales_sample.csv' (HEADER, DELIMITER ',')")
con.sql("COPY (SELECT * FROM sales LIMIT 1000) TO 'sales_sample.parquet' (FORMAT PARQUET)")
con.sql("COPY (SELECT * FROM sales LIMIT 100) TO 'sales_sample.json' (FORMAT JSON, ARRAY true)")
print("Files written:", (f for f in os.listdir('.') if 'sales_sample' in f))
print("nCSV row count :", con.sql("SELECT count(*) FROM 'sales_sample.csv'").fetchone()(0))
print("Parquet row count :", con.sql("SELECT count(*) FROM 'sales_sample.parquet'").fetchone()(0))
print("JSON row count :", con.sql("SELECT count(*) FROM 'sales_sample.json'").fetchone()(0))
print("nParquet file metadata:")
con.sql("SELECT * FROM parquet_metadata('sales_sample.parquet')").show()
print()We move from basic queries to more expressive analytical patterns using DuckDB’s relational API and advanced SQL features. We work with filtered and aggregated sales relationships, apply window functions for cumulative and rolling calculations, and reshape data using pivot tables for cross-category analysis. We also explore complex nested types, list unnesting, Python UDFs, and file I/O, which help us see how DuckDB handles both structured analysis and practical data engineering tasks in one place.
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 10: Hive-Partitioned Parquet")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
COPY sales TO 'partitioned_data' (
FORMAT PARQUET,
PARTITION_BY (region, category),
OVERWRITE_OR_IGNORE
)
""")
print("Partitioned directory tree (first 15 items):")
for i, (root, dirs, files) in enumerate(os.walk("partitioned_data")):
for f in files:
fp = os.path.join(root, f)
print(f" {fp}")
if i > 15:
print(" ...")
break
print("nReading partitioned data back (US + Electronics only):")
con.sql("""
SELECT count(*) AS cnt, MIN(amount), MAX(amount)
FROM read_parquet('partitioned_data/**/*.parquet', hive_partitioning = true)
WHERE region = 'US' AND category = 'Electronics'
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 11: Prepared Statements")
print("=" * 72)
result = con.execute(
"SELECT * FROM sales WHERE category = $1 AND amount > $2 LIMIT 5",
("Electronics", 500.0)
).fetchdf()
print("Parameterized query result:n", result)
con.sql("SET VARIABLE target_region = 'EU'")
con.sql("""
SELECT category, AVG(amount) AS avg_amt
FROM sales
WHERE region = getvariable('target_region')
GROUP BY category
ORDER BY avg_amt DESC
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 12: Transactions")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE accounts(id INT, balance DOUBLE)")
con.sql("INSERT INTO accounts VALUES (1, 1000), (2, 500)")
con.begin()
try:
con.sql("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 200 WHERE id = 1")
con.sql("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 200 WHERE id = 2")
con.commit()
print("Transaction committed successfully")
except Exception as e:
con.rollback()
print(f"Transaction rolled back: {e}")
con.sql("SELECT * FROM accounts").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 13: Appender (Bulk Insert)")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE fast_load(id INT, name TEXT, value DOUBLE)")
bulk_df = pd.DataFrame({
"id": range(50_000),
"name": (f"item_{i}" for i in range(50_000)),
"value": (float(i) * 1.1 for i in range(50_000)),
})
start = time.perf_counter()
con.append("fast_load", bulk_df)
elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
print(f"Bulk-inserted {con.sql('SELECT count(*) FROM fast_load').fetchone()(0):,} rows in {elapsed:.4f}s")
con.sql("SELECT * FROM fast_load LIMIT 5").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 14: Replacement Scans (query any Python var)")
print("=" * 72)
my_dict_data = pd.DataFrame({
"name": ("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"),
"age": (30, 25, 35),
})
con.sql("SELECT * FROM my_dict_data WHERE age > 28").show()
print()We focus on storage and execution patterns that are particularly useful in real workflows, starting with Hive-style partitioned log output and selective reads from partitioned data. We then use parameterized queries, runtime variables, and transaction control to make our queries more secure, more dynamic, and more reliable. Finally, we test high-speed bulk insertion through the appender interface and use replacement scan to directly query Python objects by name, further strengthening DuckDB’s tight integration with the Python runtime.
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 15: SQL Macros")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO revenue_tier(amt) AS
CASE
WHEN amt > 800 THEN 'High'
WHEN amt > 400 THEN 'Medium'
ELSE 'Low'
END
""")
print("Scalar macro:")
con.sql("SELECT category, amount, revenue_tier(amount) AS tier FROM sales LIMIT 8").show()
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE MACRO top_by_category(cat, n) AS TABLE
SELECT * FROM sales WHERE category = cat ORDER BY amount DESC LIMIT n
""")
print("Table macro — top 3 Electronics:")
con.sql("SELECT * FROM top_by_category('Electronics', 3)").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 16: Recursive CTE")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE employees(id INT, name TEXT, manager_id INT);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES
(1, 'CEO', NULL),
(2, 'VP Eng', 1),
(3, 'VP Sales',1),
(4, 'Sr Eng', 2),
(5, 'Jr Eng', 4),
(6, 'Sales Rep', 3);
""")
print("Org chart via recursive CTE:")
con.sql("""
WITH RECURSIVE org AS (
SELECT id, name, manager_id, 0 AS depth, name AS path
FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT e.id, e.name, e.manager_id, o.depth + 1,
o.path || ' → ' || e.name
FROM employees e JOIN org o ON e.manager_id = o.id
)
SELECT repeat(' ', depth) || name AS hierarchy, path
FROM org
ORDER BY path
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 17: Full-Text Search (FTS)")
print("=" * 72)
try:
con.install_extension("fts")
con.load_extension("fts")
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE documents(id INT, body TEXT);
INSERT INTO documents VALUES
(1, 'DuckDB is a fast in-process analytical database'),
(2, 'Python integration allows querying Pandas DataFrames'),
(3, 'Parquet files can be read directly without loading'),
(4, 'Window functions and CTEs make complex analytics easy'),
(5, 'The columnar engine processes data blazingly fast');
""")
con.sql("PRAGMA create_fts_index('documents', 'id', 'body', stemmer="english")")
print("FTS search for 'fast analytical':")
con.sql("""
SELECT id, body, fts_main_documents.match_bm25(id, 'fast analytical') AS score
FROM documents
WHERE score IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY score DESC
""").show()
except Exception as e:
print(f"(Skipped — FTS extension not available: {e})")
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 18: AsOf Joins")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE stock_prices AS
SELECT * FROM (VALUES
('2024-01-01 09:30'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 150.0),
('2024-01-01 10:00'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 152.5),
('2024-01-01 10:30'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 151.0),
('2024-01-01 11:00'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 153.0)
) AS t(ts, ticker, price);
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE trades AS
SELECT * FROM (VALUES
('2024-01-01 09:45'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 100),
('2024-01-01 10:15'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 200),
('2024-01-01 10:50'::TIMESTAMP, 'AAPL', 150)
) AS t(trade_ts, ticker, shares);
""")
print("AsOf Join — match each trade to the most recent price:")
con.sql("""
SELECT
t.trade_ts,
t.shares,
p.ts AS price_ts,
p.price,
t.shares * p.price AS trade_value
FROM trades t
ASOF JOIN stock_prices p
ON t.ticker = p.ticker AND t.trade_ts >= p.ts
""").show()
print()We create reusable query logic using scalar and table macros, reducing repetition and making your SQL more modular. We then create a recursive CTE to traverse a worker hierarchy, demonstrating how DuckDB can cleanly handle structured recursive logic within SQL. Next, we explore full-text search and AsOf joins, demonstrating that DuckDB supports not only standard analysis, but also more advanced search and time-aware matching.
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 19: Query Profiling")
print("=" * 72)
print("EXPLAIN output:")
con.sql("EXPLAIN SELECT category, SUM(amount) FROM sales GROUP BY category").show()
con.sql("PRAGMA enable_profiling = 'json'")
con.sql("PRAGMA profiling_output="profile.json"")
con.sql("SELECT category, AVG(amount), STDDEV(amount) FROM sales GROUP BY category")
con.sql("PRAGMA disable_profiling")
if os.path.exists("profile.json"):
with open("profile.json") as f:
profile = json.load(f)
print(f"Query timing: {profile.get('timing', 'N/A')}s")
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 20: Multi-Threaded Queries")
print("=" * 72)
results = {}
def worker(thread_id, db_path=None):
"""Each thread creates its own connection."""
local_con = duckdb.connect()
local_con.sql(f"""
CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT i, i*{thread_id} AS val
FROM generate_series(1, 10000) t(i)
""")
total = local_con.sql("SELECT SUM(val) FROM t").fetchone()(0)
results(thread_id) = total
local_con.close()
threads = (threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(tid,)) for tid in range(4))
for t in threads:
t.start()
for t in threads:
t.join()
print("Thread results:", results)
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 21: Quick Benchmark — DuckDB vs Pandas")
print("=" * 72)
N = 1_000_000
big_df = pd.DataFrame({
"group": np.random.choice(("A","B","C","D","E"), N),
"value": np.random.randn(N) * 100,
"ts": pd.date_range("2020-01-01", periods=N, freq="s"),
})
start = time.perf_counter()
_ = big_df.groupby("group")("value").agg(("sum","mean","std","min","max"))
pd_time = time.perf_counter() - start
start = time.perf_counter()
_ = con.sql("""
SELECT "group",
SUM(value), AVG(value), STDDEV(value), MIN(value), MAX(value)
FROM big_df
GROUP BY "group"
""").fetchall()
duck_time = time.perf_counter() - start
print(f"Pandas : {pd_time:.4f}s")
print(f"DuckDB : {duck_time:.4f}s")
print(f"Speedup : {pd_time/duck_time:.1f}x")
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 22: Reading Remote Parquet over HTTPS")
print("=" * 72)
try:
con.install_extension("httpfs")
con.load_extension("httpfs")
print("Querying a remote Parquet file (DuckDB taxi sample):")
con.sql("""
SELECT count(*) AS total_rows
FROM read_parquet(
'https://blobs.duckdb.org/data/yellow_tripdata_2010-01.parquet'
)
""").show()
except Exception as e:
print(f"(Skipped — httpfs not available or network restricted: {e})")
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 23: Custom Enum Types")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("CREATE TYPE mood AS ENUM ('happy', 'neutral', 'sad')")
con.sql("""
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE survey(
respondent_id INT,
feeling mood,
comment TEXT
)
""")
con.sql("""
INSERT INTO survey VALUES
(1, 'happy', 'Great product!'),
(2, 'neutral', 'It is okay'),
(3, 'sad', 'Did not work'),
(4, 'happy', 'Love it')
""")
con.sql("SELECT feeling, count(*) AS cnt FROM survey GROUP BY feeling ORDER BY feeling").show()
print()We observe how DuckDB executes queries using EXPLAIN plans and JSON profiling output to better understand performance behavior. We also demonstrate thread-based parallel execution by creating separate DuckDB connections across multiple worker threads and securely aggregating their results. To round out the performance angle, we benchmark DuckDB against Pandas on a large clustered aggregation, then extend the workflow with remote Parquet access over HTTPS and the creation of custom ENUM types.
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 24: Lambda Functions in SQL")
print("=" * 72)
con.sql("""
SELECT
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) AS original,
list_transform((1, 2, 3, 4, 5), x -> x * x) AS squared,
list_filter((1, 2, 3, 4, 5), x -> x % 2 = 0) AS evens_only,
list_reduce((1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (a, b) -> a + b) AS total
""").show()
print()
print("=" * 72)
print("SECTION 25: Multi-Format Export")
print("=" * 72)
summary_q = """
SELECT
category,
region,
COUNT(*) AS orders,
SUM(amount) AS revenue,
AVG(amount) AS avg_order
FROM sales
WHERE NOT returned
GROUP BY category, region
ORDER BY revenue DESC
"""
con.sql(f"COPY ({summary_q}) TO 'summary.csv' (HEADER)")
con.sql(f"COPY ({summary_q}) TO 'summary.parquet' (FORMAT PARQUET, COMPRESSION ZSTD)")
con.sql(f"COPY ({summary_q}) TO 'summary.json' (FORMAT JSON, ARRAY TRUE)")
sizes = {f: os.path.getsize(f) for f in ('summary.csv','summary.parquet','summary.json')}
print("File sizes:")
for name, sz in sizes.items():
print(f" {name:25s} {sz:>8,} bytes")
print()
con.close()
print("=" * 72)
print("TUTORIAL COMPLETE")
print("=" * 72)
print("""
Sections covered:
1. Connection management (in-memory, persistent, config)
2. Synthetic data generation with generate_series()
3. Zero-copy querying of Pandas, Polars, PyArrow
4. Result conversion (.df(), .pl(), .arrow(), .fetchnumpy())
5. Relational API (filter / aggregate / order / limit)
6. Window functions, QUALIFY, PIVOT
7. Complex types (struct, list, map, unnest)
8. Python UDFs (scalar & vectorized)
9. File I/O (CSV, Parquet, JSON)
10. Hive-partitioned Parquet writes & reads
11. Prepared statements & parameterized queries
12. Transactions (BEGIN / COMMIT / ROLLBACK)
13. Appender for high-speed bulk insert
14. Replacement scans (query Python dicts by name)
15. SQL macros (scalar + table macros)
16. Recursive CTEs
17. Full-text search (FTS extension)
18. AsOf joins
19. Query profiling & EXPLAIN
20. Multi-threaded access
21. Performance benchmark (DuckDB vs Pandas)
22. Remote Parquet over HTTPS (httpfs)
23. Custom ENUM types
24. Lambda functions in SQL
25. Multi-format export with compression
""")We explore DuckDB’s support for lambda-driven list transformations directly in SQL, which provides a concise way to manipulate list data within queries. We then export a summarized analytical result in multiple file formats, including CSV, Parquet, and JSON, highlighting DuckDB’s flexibility for downstream data delivery. We close the tutorial by disconnecting and printing a structured recap of all covered sections, providing a clear end-to-end picture of the entire DuckDB-Python workflow.
Finally, we provided a practical, code-level view of how DuckDB-Python fits into modern data workflows. We saw that this is not just a SQL engine embedded in Python, but a highly flexible analytical system that easily works with DataFrames, Arrow tables, local files, remote datasets, custom functions, and advanced SQL constructs in a single environment. We moved from simple in-memory queries to more production-relevant patterns such as persistent databases, parameterized execution, transactions, partitioned parquet, profiling, and performance benchmarking, which helped us understand both the breadth and depth of DuckDB’s capabilities. Additionally, we’ve come up with a reusable Colab-ready workflow that shows us how to combine Python’s ecosystem with DuckDB’s speed, SQL expressions, and interoperability to create fast, elegant, and scalable data analysis pipelines.
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